Robust ECG based person identification system

Identity theft is a burgeoning issue. Gaining unauthorized access to computer network tends to compromise the system which could potentially cause undetected fatal destruction and disastrous consequences for individuals and the nation. It is to the extent of taking down communication networks, paralyzing transportation systems and crippling power grids. If security system are burdensome, people may avoid using them, preferring functionality and convenience. For these reasons, an effective security mechanism needs to be deployed in combating identity crimes. Therefore, this thesis proposes of implementing biometric technology as a viable solution for the aforementioned problems. In the recent years, the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was introduced as a potential biometric modality to overcome issues of currently available biometric attributes which could be falsified by gummy fingerprints, static iris and face images, voice mimics and fake signatures. When a person is having a heartbeat, automatically it proclaims that the person exist and is alive. Thus, the advantage as a life indicator mechanism verifies the presence of a person during the time of recognition. For the past decade, preliminary investigations on the validity of using ECG based biometric have been manifested with different person recognition methods to support its usability in security and privacy applications. Even though, ECG based biometric has set its ground in recognizing people, however, the underlying issues that governs a practical biometric system have not been properly addressed. Basic problems which require further attention are fundamental issues which touch the aspects of reliability and robustness of an ECG based biometric system in a real life scenario. Thus, in this thesis, we have identified four main research problems which are essentially important to increase user acceptability of ECG based biometric recognition covering different aspects of a practical biometric system such as distinctiveness, permanence, collectability and performance. The research issues being posed in this thesis are the selection of extracted biometric features, subject recognition with different pathological and physiological conditions, performing biometric with low sampling frequency signals and applying ECG based biometric in mobile surroundings. This thesis suggests of solving ECG based biometric recognition raised problems in a holistic perspective which does not limit the implementations to certain groups of users but looking at the issue as a whole and in a boarder avenue so that it could be applicable to almost all walks of life. A single optimum biometric system that supersedes others does not exist as each biometric modality is based on the nature of the implementation and application. Nevertheless, ECG based biometric features give a strong indication that it would be well accepted by users in the future due to the automatic liveness detection factor which is available in every human being that further expands to people with disabilities such as amputees and those who are visually impaired. Therefore, this thesis is substantial and vital as to assist and provide alternative person identification mechanism to present security and privacy applications in the quest to combat identity crimes

Comparison of deposition methods of ZnO thin film on flexible substrate

This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering

Preparation and Elastic Moduli of Germanate Glass Containing Lead and Bismuth

This paper reports the rapid melt quenching technique preparation for the new family of bismuth-lead germanate glass (BPG) systems in the form of (GeO2)60–(PbO)40−x–(½Bi2O3)x where x = 0 to 40 mol%. Their densities with respect of Bi2O3 concentration were determined using Archimedes’ method with acetone as a floatation medium. The current experimental data are compared with those of bismuth lead borate (B2O3)20–(PbO)80−x–(Bi2O3)x. The elastic properties of BPG were studied using the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique where both longitudinal and transverse sound wave velocities have been measured in each glass samples at a frequency of 15 MHz and at room temperature. Experimental data shows that all the physical parameters of BPG including density and molar volume, both longitudinal and transverse velocities increase linearly with increasing of Bi2O3 content in the germanate glass network. Their elastic moduli such as longitudinal, shear and Young’s also increase linearly with addition of Bi2O3 but the bulk modulus did not. The Poisson’s ratio and fractal dimensionality are also found to vary linearly with the Bi2O3 concentration

Studies of Sn Substitution on Ca and Cu Sites of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting System

The influence of Sn substitution on Ca and Cu sites in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor system simultaneously or separately have been studied using xray diffraction (XRD) method and resistance measurement technique for the structural identification and determination of critical temperature, Tc respectively. Generally, all samples displayed a normal metallic behavior above TConse,' The values of TC(R'() decreased towards Sn concentration. However, the TC(R'() value for x=0.02 sample doped simultaneously in Ca and Cu sites was observed at 104 K The critical temperature increased by 4 K compared to that of the pure sample. Sample doped with Sn, for concentration of x=0.20, at Ca site or at both Ca and Cu sites show the dominance of the 2212 and 2201 phases. Hence, altering the Ca environment favours the formation of the low Tc phases. This observation was also supported by the information obtained from the XRD patterns. ew unidentified peaks (probably impurities) and low phase peaks corresponding to 2201 phase existed for samples with Sn concentration above x=0.15. No peaks belonging to Sn02 were detected implying that Sn probably has been incorporated into the crystalline structures of the BSCCO system or formed as impurities

Molecular Analysis Of Cyp21 Gene In Patients Presenting With Ambiguous Genitalia.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of adrenal steroidogenesis

Comparison of deposition methods of ZnO thin film on flexible substrate

This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering

Characteristic temperatures and microhardness of (ZnO)x-(AlF3)y-(TeO2)z tellurite glass systems

Glass transition temperature Tg and softening temperature Ts were measured by the differential thermogravimetric analysis DTA in the temperature range 300-850 K of ternary zinc oxyfluoro tellurite (ZOFT) with the composition (ZnO)x-(AlF3)y-(TeO2)z where (5 D, softening temperatures Ts(calc) and microhardness Hvof ternary zinc oxyfluoro tellurite (ZOFT) have been calculated by using ultrasonic velocities data. The compositional dependence of these physical quantities were discussed to understand the rigidity and compactness of the glass system studied

Mean Field Bias Correction to Radar QPE as Input to Flood Modeling for Malaysian River Basins

The occurrence of unprecedented flood events has increased in Malaysia recently. To mitigate the impact of the disaster, the National Flood Forecasting and Warning System (NaFFWS) has endeavored to improve the system so as to produce more accurate and reliable early warning to the public. The paper describes the use of radar composites from the radar network in Peninsular Malaysia to produce quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) as input to the NaFFWS flood model. The processing of the raw radar data and the conversion of rain rate are described. The comparison between radar QPE and gauge rainfall shows that radar QPE underestimates the gauge rainfall, and the results are better at the western parts of Peninsular Malaysia compared to the eastern parts of Peninsular Malaysia. The comparison between Marshall Palmer (MP) and Rosenfeld (RF) conversion equations shows that there is not much difference in performance between the two equations. Both underestimate the rainfall, although RF estimates higher radar QPE for high rainfall intensity. The underestimated radar QPE is improved by calibration process via the Mean Field Bias (MFB) correction technique. The study introduced zoning into smaller regions for the MFB factors derivation.  Results indicated that the radar QPE is much improved after the calibration process. Simulation of flood event in December 2021 for the case study of Langat River basin indicates the improvement of correlation coefficient from 0.67 to 0.99 after the calibration process via MFB for smaller zones

Mean Field Bias Correction to Radar QPE as Input to Flood Modeling for Malaysian River Basins

The occurrence of unprecedented flood events has increased in Malaysia recently. To mitigate the impact of the disaster, the National Flood Forecasting and Warning System (NaFFWS) has endeavored to improve the system so as to produce more accurate and reliable early warning to the public. The paper describes the use of radar composites from the radar network in Peninsular Malaysia to produce quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) as input to the NaFFWS flood model. The processing of the raw radar data and the conversion of rain rate are described. The comparison between radar QPE and gauge rainfall shows that radar QPE underestimates the gauge rainfall, and the results are better at the western parts of Peninsular Malaysia compared to the eastern parts of Peninsular Malaysia. The comparison between Marshall Palmer (MP) and Rosenfeld (RF) conversion equations shows that there is not much difference in performance between the two equations. Both underestimate the rainfall, although RF estimates higher radar QPE for high rainfall intensity. The underestimated radar QPE is improved by calibration process via the Mean Field Bias (MFB) correction technique. The study introduced zoning into smaller regions for the MFB factors derivation.  Results indicated that the radar QPE is much improved after the calibration process. Simulation of flood event in December 2021 for the case study of Langat River basin indicates the improvement of correlation coefficient from 0.67 to 0.99 after the calibration process via MFB for smaller zones